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Understanding the diversity of human cognitive traits in different cultural contexts and in an evolutionary framework is crucial for advancing actual human mind but also its disorders. Attention and executive control including traits such as inhibition, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, are studied in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic) societies, where sustained focus and impulse control are highly valued. A deficit in these domains might lead to a diagnosis of a mental disorder such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). However, in non-WEIRD populations, such traits may have distinct roles or adaptive significance, particularly in environments where exploration, adaptability, and risk-taking behaviours are critical for foraging and survival. This study examines attention profiles within the BaYaka hunter-gatherer community in Congo. By analysing how these traits relate to daily activities like foraging, the research aims to uncover their potential adaptive relevance. It will also explore how attention-related behaviours are culturally interpreted, providing a more inclusive understanding of cognitive diversity. The findings will contribute to anthropology, psychology and psychiatry but also public health by broadening our understanding of behavioural traits in diverse ecological and cultural contexts.ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý